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Arya, A. S.

Mars Colour Camera: the payload characterization/calibration and data analysis from Earth imaging phase

Abstract Views :241 | PDF Views:198

Authors

A. S. Arya ¹, S. S. Sarkar ¹, A. R. Srinivas ¹, S. Manthira Moorthi ¹, Vishnukumar D. Patel ¹, Rimjhim B. Singh ¹, R. P. Rajasekhar ¹, Sampa Roy ¹, Indranil Misra ¹, Sukamal Kr. Paul ¹, Dhrupesh Shah ², Kamlesh Patel ¹, Rajdeep K. Gambhir ¹, U. S. H. Rao ¹, Amul Patel ¹, Jalshri Desai ¹, Rahul Dev ¹, Ajay K. Prashar ¹, Hiren Rambhia ¹, Ranjan Parnami ¹, Harish Seth ¹, K. R. Murali ¹, Rishi Kaushik ¹, Deepak Patidar ¹, Nilesh Soni ¹, Prakash Chauhan ¹, D. R. M. Samudraiah ¹, A. S. Kiran Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
2 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015

Source

Current Science, Vol 109, No 6 (2015), Pagination: 1076-1086

Abstract

Mars Colour Camera (MCC) on-board Mars Orbiter Mission is considered the ‘eye’ of the mission, taking photographs (imageries) of the surfacial features on Mars, and the cloud and dust around it. MCC is an important contextual camera for other non-imaging sensors like MSM, TIS, LAP, etc. The camera has been designed, characterized, calibrated and qualified at the Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad by a team of professional engineers and scientists. It has been miniaturized, ruggedized and space-qualified to match the weight and power budget of the mission. During Earth orbit phase, the images returned by the camera have been analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results show that MCC has been working as expected in terms of radiometry, geometry and application potential to discern various morphological features. The present article discusses these facts in detail.

Keywords

Detector, Earth imaging phase, payload, Mars colour camera.

Full Text

References

Anon., Pre-shipment review document, Mars Colour Camera, Document No. SAC-MOM-04-April 2013.

Hua, L. and Chen, H., A color interpolation algorithm for Bayer pattern digitalcameras based on green components and color differencespace. Informatics and Computing, IEEE International Conference, Shanghai, 10–12 December 2010, pp. 791–795.

El Gamal, A., CMOS image sensors. IEEE Circuits Dev. Mag.,2005, 21, 6–20.

Zhang, L., Automatic digital surface model (DSM) generation from lineararray images. Ph D dissertation. Institute of Geodesy and Photogrammetry,Zurich, Switzerland, 2005.

Baltsavias, E. P., Pateraki, M. and Zhang, L. Radiometric and geometric evaluationof IKONOS geo images and their use for 3D buildingmodeling. In Proceedings of Joint ISPRS Workshop on HighResolution Mapping from Space 2001, Hannover, Germany,19–21 September 2001.

Mars Orbiter Mission Prepared to Photograph Mars: Some Results from Earth Imaging Experiment

Correction of Mars Colour Camera images for identification of spectral classes

Abstract Views :251 | PDF Views:130

Authors

Kurian Mathew ¹, A. S. Arya ¹, Harish Seth ¹, S. Manthira Moorthi ¹, P. N. Babu ¹

Affiliations
1 Space Applications Center, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 112, No 06 (2017), Pagination: 1158-1164

Abstract

Mars Colour Camera on-board the Mars Orbital Mission makes use of a Bayer pattern detector. Spectral response of RGB (red, green and blue) pixels of Bayer detector shows large overlap which reduces the spectral information content of the image. In the present paper, a simple method is suggested to correct the data for spectral overlap. It is shown that correction process significantly increases the spectral information content of the image and enhances the ability of the sensor to identify different target types like dust clouds and water ice clouds.

Keywords

Bayer-Pattern Filters, Dust Clouds, Ice Clouds, Mars Colour Camera, Spectral Overlap.

Full Text

References

Arya, A. S. et al., Mars color camera: payload characterization/ calibration and data analysis from Earth imaging phase. (Special Section: Mars Orbiter Mission). Curr. Sci., 2015, 109(6), 1076–1086.

Arya, A. S. et al., Mars color camera on-board Mars Orbiter Mission: Scientific objectives and Earth imaging results, 45th Lunar and planetary science conference, 2014.

Arya, A. S. et al., Mars color camera onboard Mars Orbital Mission: Initial observations and results; 46th Lunar and planetary science conference, 2015.

Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) Mars Atlas, Space Applications Centre, ISRO; www.isro.gov.in

Manoj, K. M. et al., Estimation of dust variability and scale height of atmospheric optical depth (AOD) in the valles Marineris on Mars by Indian Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) data. Icarus, 2016, 265, 84–94.

Chassefie, E. et al., Vertical structure and size distributions of martian Aerosols from solar occultation measurements. Icarus, 1992, 97, 46–69.

Heavens, N. G. et al., Vertical distribution of dust in the Martian atmosphere during northern spring and summer: High‐altitude tropical dust maximum at northern summer solstice. J. Geophys. Res., 2011, 116, E01007.

Scott D. Guzewich, The vertical distribution of Martian aerosol particle size. J. Geophys. Res. Planets, 2014, 119(12), 2694–2708.

Anon., Pre-shipment review document, Mars Color Camera, Document No. SACMOM-04-April 2013.

Clark, R. N., Spectroscopy of rocks and minerals and principles of spectroscopy in manual of remote sensing. Remote Sensing for the Earth Sciences, John Wiley, New York, vol. 3, 1999.

Mustard, J. F., New composite reflectance spectra of Mars from 0.4–3.14 m, Geophys. Res. Lett., 1994, 21(5), 353–356.

Noe Dobrea, E. Z. and Bell, J. F III, TES spectroscopic identification of a region of persistent water ice clouds on the flanks of Arsia Mons Volcano, Mars. J. Geophys. Res., 2005, 110, E05002.

Benson, J. L., Bonev, B. P., James, P. B., Shan, K. J., Cantor, B. A. and Calinger, M. A., The seasonal behaviour of water ice clouds in the Tharsis and Valles Marineris regions of Mars: Mars Orbiter Camera observations. Icarus, 2003, 165(1), 34–52.

Madelein, J. B. et al., Aphelion water ice cloud mapping and property retrieval using OMEGA imaging spectrometer onboard Mars Express. J. Geophys. Res., 2012, 117, E00J07.

Terrain Mapping Camera-2 onboard Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter

Abstract Views :266 | PDF Views:99

Authors

Arup Roy Chowdhury ¹, Vishnukumar D. Patel ¹, S. R. Joshi ¹, A. S. Arya ¹, Ankush Kumar ¹, Sukamal Paul ¹, Dhrupesh Shah ¹, Pradeep Soni ¹, J. C. Karelia ¹, Minal Sampat ¹, Satish Sharma ¹, Sandip Somani ¹, H. V. Bhagat ¹, Jitendra Sharma ¹, Amitabh ¹, K. Suresh ¹, R. P. Rajasekhar ¹, B. B. Bokarwadia ¹, Mukesh Kumar ¹, D. N. Ghonia ¹

Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 118, No 4 (2020), Pagination: 566-572

Abstract

The paper presents the design and development of Terrain Mapping Camera-2 (TMC-2) for Chandrayaan- 2 including science objectives; system and sub-system configuration along with the realized performance of the camera; payload characterization; aspects related to data products, etc. TMC-2, onboard Chandrayaan-2 orbiter-craft is a follow-on of the Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC) onboard Chandrayaan- 1. It operates in visible panchromatic band. It comprises three identical electro-optical chains aligned for three views (–25, 0 and +25 degree) along track direction for generation of stereo images. It provides data with 5 m horizontal ground sampling distance to generate digital elevation model. TMC-2 based on the new configuration and sub-system designs has reduction in mass and power by more than 40% compared to TMC, without compromising the performance.

Keywords

Digital Elevation Model, Light Transfer Characteristics, Relative Spectral Response, Signal-to-noise Ratio, Stereo Imaging, Square Wave Response, Terrain Mapping Camera-2.

Full Text

References

Kiran Kumar, A. S. and Chowdhury, A. R., Terrain mapping camera for Chandrayaan-1. J. Earth Syst. Sci., 2005, 114(6), 717–720.

Kiran Kumar, A. S. et al., Terrain mapping camera: a stereoscopic high-resolution instrument on Chandrayaan-1. Curr. Sci., 2009, 96, 492–495.

Kiran Kumar, A. S. et al., The terrain mapping camera on Chandrayaan-1 and initial results. In 40th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston Texas, 2009, Abstract #1584.

Arya, A. S., Rajasekhar, R. P., Guneshwar Thangjam, Ajai and Kiran Kumar, A. S., Detection of potential site for future human habitability on the Moon using Chandrayaan-1 data. Curr. Sci., 2011, 100, 524–529.

Arya, A. S., Rajasekhar, R. P., Amitabh, Gopala Krishna, B., Ajai and Kiran Kumar, A. S., Morphometric, rheological and compositional analysis of an effusive lunar dome using high resolution remote sensing data sets: a case study from Marius hills region. Adv. Space Res., 2014, 54, 2073–2086.

Arya, A. S. et al., Morphometric and rheological study of lunar domes of Marius Hills volcanic complex region using Chandrayaan1 and recent datasets. J. Earth Syst. Sci., 2018, 127, 70.

Arya, A. S. et al., Lunar surface age determination using Chandrayaan-1 TMC data. Curr. Sci., 2012, 102, 783–788.

Strain/Stress Evaluation of Dorsa Geikie using Chandrayaan-2 Terrain Mapping Camera-2 and Other Data

Abstract Views :239 | PDF Views:81

Authors

A. S. Arya ¹, Joyita Thapa ², Abhik Kundu ², Rwiti Basu ², Amitabh ¹, Ankush Kumar ¹, Arup Roychowdhury ¹

Affiliations
1 Space Applications Centre, Jodhpur Tekra, Ambawadi Vistar, Ahmedabad 380 015, India, IN
2 Department of Geology, Asutosh College, 92, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700 026, India, IN

Source

Current Science, Vol 121, No 1 (2021), Pagination: 94-102

Abstract

The high-resolution panchromatic stereo camera Terrain Mapping Camera-2 (TMC-2) on-board the Indian Chandrayaan-2 mission sends images of the lunar surface at 5m resolution with a low to high sun-angle from an altitude of 100km. These images help identify subtle topographic variations and enable mapping of low-elevation landforms, one of which is a prominent ~220km long wrinkle ridge called the Dorsa Geikie (DG) lying within Mare Fecunditatis. The favourable resolutionof TMC-2 images and the digital elevation models provide opportunities for a detailed structural study of the DG and to reveal crustal shortening, cumulative contractional strain andpalaeostress regime responsible for thrust faulting for the first time.The time of deformation and formation of dorsa is also estimated for a holistic spatio-temporal understanding of deformation. This study presents initial analysis of the data received from TMC-2, and the accuracy of the results are likely to improve as the ingredients get amended and evolved in future

Keywords

Displacement-Length Scaling, Lunar Contraction, Mare Fecunditatis, Stress/Strain Evaluation, Wrinkle Ridges.

Full Text

References

Chowdhury, A. R. et al., Terrain mapping camera-2 onboard Chandrayaan-2 orbiter. Curr. Sci., 2020, 118(4), 566.

International Astronomical Union, Dorsa Geikie, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature, 1976.

Bryan, W. B., Wrinkle-ridges as deformed surface crust on ponded mare lava. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Proc., 1973, 4, 93.

Schultz, R. A., Localization of bedding plane slip and backthrust faults above blind thrust faults: keys to wrinkle ridge structure. J. Geophys. Res.: Planets, 2000, 105(E5), 12035–12052; https:// doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001212.

Williams, N. R., Shirzaei, M., Bell III, J. F. and Watters, T. R., Inverse modeling of wrinkle ridge structures on the Moon and Mars. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Abstract id: P33C-2141, 2015.

Li, B., Ling, Z., Zhang, J., Chen, J., Ni, Y. and Liu, C., Displace-ment-length ratios and contractional strains of lunar wrinkle ridges in mare serenitatis and mare tranquillitatis. J. Struct. Geol., 2018, 109, 27–37.

Watters, T. R., Johnson, C. L. and Schultz, R. A., Lunar tectonics. In Planetary Tectonics (ed. Watters, T. R.), Cambridge University Press, 2010, vol. 11, pp. 11; 121.

Watters, T. R. et al., Evidence of recent thrust faulting on the Moon revealed by the lunar reconnaissance orbiter camera. Sci-ence, 2010, 329(5994), 936–940; doi:10.1126/science.1189590.

Solomon, S. C. and Head, J. W., Vertical movement in mare basins: relation to mare emplacement, basin tectonics, and lunar thermal history. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth, 1979, 84(B4), 1667–1682; https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB04p01667.

Solomon, S. C. and Head, J. W., Lunar mascon basins: lava fill-ing, tectonics, and evolution of the lithosphere. Rev. Geophys., 1980, 18(1), 107–141; https://doi.org/10.1029/RG018i001p00107.

Head III, J. W. and Wilson, L., Lunar mare volcanism: stratigra-phy, eruption conditions, and the evolution of secondary crusts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1992, 56(6), 2155–2175; https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90183-J.

Whitford-Stark, J. L., The geology of the lunar mare Fecunditatis. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Texas, USA, 1986, vol. 17, pp. 940–941.

Carr, M. H., Saunders, R. S., Strom, R. G. and Wilhelms, D. E., The geology of the terrestrial planets, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA, USA, 1984, pp. 107–206.

Hiesinger, H., Head III, J. W., Wolf, U., Jaumann, R. and Neukum, G., New ages for basalts in Mare Fecunditatis based on crater size-frequency measurements. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Texas, USA, 2006, vol. XXXVII, abstr. #1151.

Cadogan, P. H. and Turner, G., 40Ar–39Ar dating of LUNA 16 and LUNA 20 samples. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A: Math. Phys. Sci., 1977, 284(1319), 167–177; https://doi.org/10.1098/ rsta.1977.0007.

Fernandes, V. A. and Burgess, R., Volcanism in mare fecunditatis and mare crisium: Ar–Ar age studies. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 2005, 69(20), 4919–4934; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca. 2005.05.017.

Mason, R., Guest, J. E. and Cooke, G. N., An imbrium pattern of graben on the Moon. Proc. Geologists’ Assoc., 1976, 87(2), 161–168; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7878(76)80008-9.

Garfinkle, R. A., Observing lunar wrinkle ridges. In Luna Cogni-ta, Springer, New York, USA, 2020, pp. 979–992; https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1664-1_27.

Arya, A. S. et al., Morpho-tectonic evaluation of Dorsa-Geiki wrinkle ridge using Terrain Mapping Camera-2 onboard Chandry-aan-2. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Texas, USA, 2020, abstr. #1386.

Chin, G. et al., Lunar reconnaissance orbiter overview: The instru-ment suite and mission. Space Sci. Rev., 2007, 129(4), 391–419.

Robinson, M. S. et al., Lunar reconnaissance orbiter camera (LROC) instrument overview. Space Sci. Rev., 2010, 150(1–4), 81–124.

Riris, H. et al., The lunar orbiter laser altimeter (LOLA) on NASA’s lunar reconnaissance orbiter (LRO) mission. In Confer-ence on lasers and Electro-optics. Optical Society of America, San Jose, USA, 2008, p. CMQ1.

Smith, D. E. et al., Initial observations from the lunar orbiter laser altimeter (LOLA). Geophys. Res. Lett., 2010, 37(18), L18204.

Michael, G. G. and Neukum, G., Planetary surface dating from crater size–frequency distribution measurements: partial resurfac-ing events and statistical age uncertainty. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2010, 294(3–4), 223–229.

Kneissl, T., van Gasselt, S. and Neukum, G., Map-projection-independent crater size–frequency determination in GIS environ-ments – new software tool for ArcGIS. Planet. Space Sci., 2011, 59(11–12), 1243–1254; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2010.03.015.

Ruj, T., Komatsu, G., Pondrelli, M., Di Pietro, I. and Pozzobon, R., Morphometric analysis of a Hesperian aged Martian lobate scarp using high-resolution data. J. Struct. Geol., 2018, 113, 1–9; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2018.04.018.

Neukum, G., Ivanov, B. A. and Hartmann, W. K., Cratering rec-ords in the inner solar system in relation to the lunar reference sys-tem. In Chronology and Evolution of Mars (eds Kallenbach, R., Geiss, J. and Hartmann, W. K.), Proceedings of an ISSI Workshop, Bern, Switzerland, 2000.

Chamberlin, R. T., 1910. The Appalachian folds of central Penn-sylvania. J. Geol., 2001, 18(3), 228–251.

Cowie, P. A. and Scholz, C. H., Displacement-length scaling rela-tionship for faults: data synthesis and discussion. J. Struct. Geol., 1992, 14(10), 1149–1156; https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(92)90066-6.

Clark, R. M. and Cox, S. J. D., A modern regression approach to determining fault displacement-length scaling relationships. J. Struct. Geol., 18(2–3), 147–152; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(96)80040-X.

Kim, Y. S., Peacock, D. C. and Sanderson, D. J., Fault damage zones. J. Struct. Geol., 1996, 26(3), 503–517; https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jsg.2003.08.002.

Kim, Y. S. and Sanderson, D. J., The relationship between dis-placement and length of faults: a review. Earth-Sci. Rev., 2005, 68(3–4), 317–334; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2004.06.003.

Schultz, R. A., Okubo, C. H. and Wilkins, S. J., Displacement-length scaling relations for faults on the terrestrial planets. J. Struct. Geol., 2006, 28(12), 2182–2193; https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jsg.2006.03.034.

Yue, Z., Li, W., Di, K., Liu, Z. and Liu, J., Global mapping and analysis of lunar wrinkle ridges. J. Geophys. Res.: Planets, 2015, 120(5), 978–994.

Yue, Z., Michael, G. G., Di, K. and Liu, J., Global survey of lunar wrinkle ridge formation times. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2017, 477, 14–20; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.07.048.

Dasgupta, D., Kundu, A., De, K. and Dasgupta, N., Polygonal impact craters in the Thaumasia Minor, Mars: role of pre-existing 1. Chowdhury, A. R. et al., Terrain mapping camera-2 onboard Chandrayaan-2 orbiter. Curr. Sci., 2020, 118(4), 566.

International Astronomical Union, Dorsa Geikie, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature, 1976.

Bryan, W. B., Wrinkle-ridges as deformed surface crust on ponded mare lava. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. Proc., 1973, 4, 93.

Schultz, R. A., Localization of bedding plane slip and backthrust faults above blind thrust faults: keys to wrinkle ridge structure. J. Geophys. Res.: Planets, 2000, 105(E5), 12035–12052; https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JE001212.

Williams, N. R., Shirzaei, M., Bell III, J. F. and Watters, T. R., Inverse modeling of wrinkle ridge structures on the Moon and Mars. In AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, Abstract id: P33C-2141, 2015.

Li, B., Ling, Z., Zhang, J., Chen, J., Ni, Y. and Liu, C., Displace-ment-length ratios and contractional strains of lunar wrinkle ridges in mare serenitatis and mare tranquillitatis. J. Struct. Geol., 2018, 109, 27–37.

Watters, T. R., Johnson, C. L. and Schultz, R. A., Lunar tectonics. In Planetary Tectonics (ed. Watters, T. R.), Cambridge University Press, 2010, vol. 11, pp. 11; 121.

Watters, T. R. et al., Evidence of recent thrust faulting on the Moon revealed by the lunar reconnaissance orbiter camera. Sci-ence, 2010, 329(5994), 936–940; doi:10.1126/science.1189590.

Solomon, S. C. and Head, J. W., Vertical movement in mare basins: relation to mare emplacement, basin tectonics, and lunar thermal history. J. Geophys. Res.: Solid Earth, 1979, 84(B4), 1667–1682; https://doi.org/10.1029/JB084iB04p01667.

Solomon, S. C. and Head, J. W., Lunar mascon basins: lava fill-ing, tectonics, and evolution of the lithosphere. Rev. Geophys., 1980, 18(1), 107–141; https://doi.org/10.1029/RG018i001p00107.

Head III, J. W. and Wilson, L., Lunar mare volcanism: stratigra-phy, eruption conditions, and the evolution of secondary crusts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1992, 56(6), 2155–2175; https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90183-J.

Whitford-Stark, J. L., The geology of the lunar mare Fecunditatis. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Texas, USA, 1986, vol. 17, pp. 940–941.

Carr, M. H., Saunders, R. S., Strom, R. G. and Wilhelms, D. E., The geology of the terrestrial planets, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA, USA, 1984, pp. 107–206.

Hiesinger, H., Head III, J. W., Wolf, U., Jaumann, R. and Neukum, G., New ages for basalts in Mare Fecunditatis based on crater size-frequency measurements. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Texas, USA, 2006, vol. XXXVII, abstr. #1151.

Cadogan, P. H. and Turner, G., 40Ar–39Ar dating of LUNA 16 and LUNA 20 samples. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. A: Math. Phys. Sci., 1977, 284(1319), 167–177; https://doi.org/10.1098/ rsta.1977.0007.

Fernandes, V. A. and Burgess, R., Volcanism in mare fecunditatis and mare crisium: Ar–Ar age studies. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 2005, 69(20), 4919–4934; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca. 2005.05.017.

Mason, R., Guest, J. E. and Cooke, G. N., An imbrium pattern of graben on the Moon. Proc. Geologists’ Assoc., 1976, 87(2), 161–168; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7878(76)80008-9.

Garfinkle, R. A., Observing lunar wrinkle ridges. In Luna Cogni-ta, Springer, New York, USA, 2020, pp. 979–992; https://doi.org/ 10.1007/978-1-4939-1664-1_27.

Arya, A. S. et al., Morpho-tectonic evaluation of Dorsa-Geiki wrinkle ridge using Terrain Mapping Camera-2 onboard Chandry-aan-2. In Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Texas, USA, 2020, abstr. #1386.

Chin, G. et al., Lunar reconnaissance orbiter overview: The instru-ment suite and mission. Space Sci. Rev., 2007, 129(4), 391–419.

Robinson, M. S. et al., Lunar reconnaissance orbiter camera (LROC) instrument overview. Space Sci. Rev., 2010, 150(1–4), 81–124.

Riris, H. et al., The lunar orbiter laser altimeter (LOLA) on NASA’s lunar reconnaissance orbiter (LRO) mission. In Confer-ence on lasers and Electro-optics. Optical Society of America, San Jose, USA, 2008, p. CMQ1.

Smith, D. E. et al., Initial observations from the lunar orbiter laser altimeter (LOLA). Geophys. Res. Lett., 2010, 37(18), L18204.

Michael, G. G. and Neukum, G., Planetary surface dating from crater size–frequency distribution measurements: partial resurfac-ing events and statistical age uncertainty. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2010, 294(3–4), 223–229.

Kneissl, T., van Gasselt, S. and Neukum, G., Map-projection-independent crater size–frequency determination in GIS environ-ments – new software tool for ArcGIS. Planet. Space Sci., 2011, 59(11–12), 1243–1254; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2010.03.015.

Ruj, T., Komatsu, G., Pondrelli, M., Di Pietro, I. and Pozzobon, R., Morphometric analysis of a Hesperian aged Martian lobate scarp using high-resolution data. J. Struct. Geol., 2018, 113, 1–9; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2018.04.018.

Neukum, G., Ivanov, B. A. and Hartmann, W. K., Cratering rec-ords in the inner solar system in relation to the lunar reference sys-tem. In Chronology and Evolution of Mars (eds Kallenbach, R., Geiss, J. and Hartmann, W. K.), Proceedings of an ISSI Workshop, Bern, Switzerland, 2000.

Chamberlin, R. T., 1910. The Appalachian folds of central Penn-sylvania. J. Geol., 2001, 18(3), 228–251.

Cowie, P. A. and Scholz, C. H., Displacement-length scaling rela-tionship for faults: data synthesis and discussion. J. Struct. Geol., 1992, 14(10), 1149–1156; https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(92)90066-6.

Clark, R. M. and Cox, S. J. D., A modern regression approach to determining fault displacement-length scaling relationships. J. Struct. Geol., 18(2–3), 147–152; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(96)80040-X.

Kim, Y. S., Peacock, D. C. and Sanderson, D. J., Fault damage zones. J. Struct. Geol., 1996, 26(3), 503–517; https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jsg.2003.08.002.

Kim, Y. S. and Sanderson, D. J., The relationship between dis-placement and length of faults: a review. Earth-Sci. Rev., 2005, 68(3–4), 317–334; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2004.06.003.

Schultz, R. A., Okubo, C. H. and Wilkins, S. J., Displacement-length scaling relations for faults on the terrestrial planets. J. Struct. Geol., 2006, 28(12), 2182–2193; https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jsg.2006.03.034.

Yue, Z., Li, W., Di, K., Liu, Z. and Liu, J., Global mapping and analysis of lunar wrinkle ridges. J. Geophys. Res.: Planets, 2015, 120(5), 978–994.

Yue, Z., Michael, G. G., Di, K. and Liu, J., Global survey of lunar wrinkle ridge formation times. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2017, 477, 14–20; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.07.048.

Dasgupta, D., Kundu, A., De, K. and Dasgupta, N., Polygonal impact craters in the Thaumasia Minor, Mars: role of pre-existing faults in their formation. J. Indian Soc. Remote Sensing, 2018, 47(2), 257–265; https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-018-0919-3.

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Arya, A. S.

Mars Colour Camera: the payload characterization/calibration and data analysis from Earth imaging phase

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Mars Orbiter Mission Prepared to Photograph Mars: Some Results from Earth Imaging Experiment

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Correction of Mars Colour Camera images for identification of spectral classes

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Terrain Mapping Camera-2 onboard Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter

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Strain/Stress Evaluation of Dorsa Geikie using Chandrayaan-2 Terrain Mapping Camera-2 and Other Data

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